Sign in at account.microsoft.com/devices with the account you used on the Surface.
Find the stolen device in the list and open View details. If it was registered as a Surface, the serial number is shown there.
Not every device that appears in the list has a serial number. It’s only there if the Surface was registered, which usually happens during setup or when you registered it for warranty or support.
Use Find my device at account.microsoft.com/devices/find-my-device to see its last known location, and to lock it remotely if it’s still signed in and online.
Change your Microsoft account password and sign out of all sessions. Also change the passwords for any accounts that were logged in on the device.
Mark the device as lost or stolen in your account if the option is shown.